Community Strategies in agricultural heritage in dessert-prone Area

This study explores the integration of heritage-based economic activities and political institutions within the agricultural heritage system of desert areas, with the aim of preserving cultural identity and sustainable agricultural practices. By examining the role of both formal and informal institutions, this research elucidates the ways in which cultural values, cash economics, and governance contribute to sustainable development and resilience. The focus of this investigation is on the livelihoods of desert heritage farmers and their engagement with institutions in Siwa Oasis villages situated in the Western Desert of Egypt.
The findings reveal that Siwan communities encounter various challenges, including uncertain access to land tenure, limited availability of services, and strong social support networks. Involvement with formal institutions, such as state departments, non-governmental organizations, and market-based entities, is relatively limited, with men predominantly occupying formal employment positions in the private and government sectors. Owing to the remote location of Siwa, access to formal institutions and markets is restricted, leading to a higher reliance on informal institutions. Among these, women's groups have emerged as crucial informal institutions that provide social support and engage in minor economic activities.
Key livelihood assets, including customary land tenure, agricultural heritage systems, and perennial gardens, have been identified as fundamental to the well-being of Siwan communities. This research underscores the significance of informal community and culturally-based social protection systems in successful development activities within the agricultural heritage system.